:root{--ink:#243c32;--muted:#5c6d63;--green:#3f7653;--green-dark:#28533b;--green-soft:#e8f1e7;--cream:#f8f7f1;--white:#fff;--blue-deep:#123743;--line:#dce4dc;--shadow:0 18px 45px rgba(44,77,57,.09);--text-on-dark:#f4f8f5;--muted-on-dark:#c8ded1;--accent-on-dark:#a9cfb4;--focus:#79a98b;--line-dark:#294d57;--max:1240px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:74px}body{margin:0;background:var(--cream);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:1rem;line-height:1.7}a{color:var(--green-dark);text-underline-offset:.24em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--green)}img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}figure{margin:0}button{font:inherit}.wrap{width:min(var(--max),calc(100% - 5rem));margin-inline:auto}.skip{position:absolute;top:-80px;left:1rem;background:#fff;color:var(--ink);padding:.8rem 1rem;z-index:100}.skip:focus{top:1rem}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--focus);outline-offset:4px}
header{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:30;background:rgba(255,255,255,.96);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);backdrop-filter:blur(12px)}.nav{min-height:74px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:1rem}.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem;color:var(--green-dark);font-weight:750;text-decoration:none}.brand-mark{display:grid;place-items:center;width:40px;height:40px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--green-soft);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.04em;box-shadow:none}.nav-links{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1.25rem;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.nav-links a{display:block;padding:.7rem 0;color:var(--ink);font-size:.86rem;text-decoration:none}.nav-links a:hover{color:var(--green)}.nav-links a[aria-current="page"]{color:var(--green-dark);font-weight:700;box-shadow:inset 0 -3px var(--green)}.menu-toggle{display:none}
.eyebrow{margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--green);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase}h1,h2{font-family:var(--font-ui);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.03}h1{margin:.55rem 0 1.25rem;font-size:clamp(4rem,6.8vw,6.8rem)}h2{margin:0 0 1rem;font-size:clamp(2.35rem,4vw,4rem)}h3{margin:.4rem 0;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.35}p{margin:.75rem 0}.degree{display:inline-block;margin-left:.65rem;color:var(--green);font:700 .78rem var(--font-ui);letter-spacing:.05em}.profile-title{font-weight:700;margin:0}.affiliation{margin:.25rem 0 1.4rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.55}.lead{max-width:560px;font-size:1.3rem;line-height:1.48}.primary-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:.75rem 1.05rem;border:1px solid var(--green-dark);background:var(--green-dark);color:#fff;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.primary-button:hover{background:var(--green);text-decoration:none}.text-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:1.6rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--green-dark)}
.hero{scroll-margin-top:74px;padding:2.7rem 0 0;background:var(--blue-deep);color:var(--text-on-dark);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-dark)}.hero-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.92fr 1.08fr;gap:4rem;align-items:center}.hero h1{margin:.4rem 0 1rem;font-size:clamp(3.3rem,5vw,4.9rem)}.hero .eyebrow{color:var(--accent-on-dark)}.hero .profile-title{color:#fff}.hero .degree{color:var(--accent-on-dark)}.hero .affiliation,.hero .bio>p:not(.eyebrow):not(.profile-title){color:var(--muted-on-dark)}.hero .affiliation{margin:.2rem 0 1.1rem;line-height:1.5}.hero .bio>p:not(.eyebrow):not(.profile-title):not(.affiliation){font-size:1rem;line-height:1.58}.hero .lead{color:var(--text-on-dark)!important;font-size:1.22rem!important;line-height:1.46!important}.bio{padding-bottom:0}.field-portrait{min-width:0;background:#fff;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35);box-shadow:0 22px 55px rgba(0,18,25,.28);padding:.7rem .7rem 0}.photo-frame{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:100%;height:480px;padding:0;border:0;background:#fff;overflow:hidden;cursor:pointer;touch-action:pan-y}.field-portrait .photo-frame img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain}.photo-slide[hidden]{display:none}.photo-slide figcaption{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.12rem;min-height:68px;padding:.65rem .2rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.8rem}.photo-slide figcaption>span:first-child{color:var(--green-dark);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.025em}.photo-slide figcaption a{color:inherit}.photo-slide:not([hidden]){animation:photo-enter .55s ease-out}@keyframes photo-enter{from{opacity:.35}to{opacity:1}}.photo-carousel{position:relative}.photo-overlay-controls{position:absolute;z-index:4;top:1.4rem;left:1.4rem;right:1.4rem;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;transform:translateY(-4px);transition:.2s}.photo-carousel:has(.photo-frame:hover) .photo-overlay-controls,.photo-overlay-controls:hover,.photo-carousel:focus-within .photo-overlay-controls{opacity:1;transform:none}.photo-nav{display:flex;gap:.35rem}.photo-overlay-button{display:grid;place-items:center;width:42px;height:42px;padding:0;border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.65);border-radius:50%;background:rgba(18,55,67,.88);color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;pointer-events:auto;backdrop-filter:blur(5px)}.status-label{display:inline-block;margin-left:.4rem;padding:.08rem .4rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;background:var(--green-soft);color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.7rem;font-style:normal;white-space:nowrap}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
.scale-story{display:block;margin-top:2.5rem;padding:2rem 0 2.3rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.2)}.scale-story-intro{max-width:1040px}.scale-story p{max-width:820px;margin:.7rem 0;color:var(--muted-on-dark);font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.65}.scale-story-intro h2{max-width:900px;font-size:clamp(2.1rem,3.2vw,3rem)}.built-inline{scroll-margin-top:96px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:1.15rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:1.4rem;padding-top:1.1rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18)}.built-inline span{color:var(--accent-on-dark);font-size:.72rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}.built-inline a{color:var(--text-on-dark);font-weight:700;text-decoration-color:var(--focus)}.built-inline a:hover{color:var(--muted-on-dark)}
.home-section{padding:5.5rem 0;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.home-section:nth-of-type(even){background:var(--cream)}.section-head{display:flex;align-items:end;justify-content:space-between;gap:3rem;margin-bottom:2.5rem}.section-head>p{max-width:470px;margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--muted)}.highlight-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:1rem}.highlight-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;transition:transform .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease}.highlight-card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:var(--shadow);text-decoration:none}.highlight-card img{width:100%;height:180px;object-fit:cover}.highlight-card div{padding:1.05rem}.highlight-card span{color:var(--green);font-size:.76rem;font-weight:750;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em}.highlight-card p{color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.55}.home-software{background:var(--green-soft)!important}.home-split{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.85fr 1.15fr;gap:5rem;align-items:center}.home-split>div:first-child p:not(.eyebrow){color:var(--muted)}.software-preview{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.software-preview a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px 1fr;gap:1.25rem;padding:1.3rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.software-preview a:hover b{color:var(--green)}.software-preview span{color:var(--muted)}.selected-publications{border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.selected-publications article{display:grid;grid-template-columns:170px minmax(0,1fr);gap:2rem;padding:1.35rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.selected-publications span{color:var(--green);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:750}.selected-publications h3{margin:0}.selected-publications a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.selected-publications a:hover{color:var(--green)}.home-recognition{background:var(--cream)!important}.recognition-home-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:4rem;align-items:center}.recognition-home-grid figure{background:#fff;padding:.65rem;border-top:4px solid var(--green);box-shadow:var(--shadow)}.recognition-home-grid img{width:100%;height:380px;object-fit:cover}.recognition-home-grid p:not(.eyebrow){color:var(--muted)}.home-contact{padding:4.5rem 0;background:#fff}.contact-banner{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:3rem;padding:2.4rem 2.7rem;border-left:6px solid var(--green);background:var(--green-soft)}.contact-banner h2{font-size:clamp(2rem,3vw,3rem)}.contact-banner p{color:var(--muted)}
.detail-section{padding:5.5rem 0;background:#fff;min-height:calc(100vh - 160px)}.detail-page-body .detail-section>.wrap>.section-head{padding-bottom:2rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.scale-nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);margin:1rem 0 3rem;border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--cream)}.scale-nav a{display:block;padding:1rem;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;border-right:1px solid var(--line)}.scale-nav a:last-child{border-right:0}.scale-nav a:hover{background:var(--green-soft)}.scale-nav span{display:block;color:var(--green);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:750}.scale-nav small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:.8rem}.platform-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:2rem}.platform{overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff}.platform figure img{width:100%;height:300px;object-fit:cover}.platform .science-image img{object-fit:contain;background:var(--green-soft);padding:1rem}.platform figcaption{padding:.65rem 1.2rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);font-size:.8rem}.platform-body{padding:1.3rem 1.3rem 1.6rem}.platform-body .eyebrow{margin-bottom:.45rem}.platform h3{font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:1.75rem;font-weight:400}.platform p{color:var(--muted)}.platform .methods{padding-top:.8rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.86rem}.methods b{color:var(--ink);margin-right:.35rem}.platform-grid>.platform:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.platform-grid>.platform:last-child .platform-body{padding:1.5rem}.methods-band{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 2fr;gap:3rem;margin-top:3rem;padding:1.6rem 2rem;background:var(--green-soft);border-left:5px solid var(--green)}.methods-band h3{font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:1.65rem;font-weight:400}.methods-band p{color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.archive-list,.publication-list{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.archive-item{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr);gap:2.5rem;padding:1.7rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.archive-date{color:var(--green);font-weight:750}.archive-title{margin:0 0 .4rem;font-size:1.25rem}.archive-meta{margin:0;color:var(--muted);max-width:880px}.research-label{margin:.3rem 0 .55rem!important;color:var(--green)!important;font-size:.78rem!important;font-weight:750}.resource-links{display:flex;gap:1.2rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:.9rem;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:700}.social-strip{display:flex;gap:1.4rem;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:2rem;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:700}.publication-list li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:70px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.5rem;padding:1.5rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.pub-year{color:var(--green);font-size:.9rem;font-weight:750}.publication-list h3{margin:0 0 .45rem;font-size:1.1rem}.publication-list h3 a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.publication-list h3 a:hover{color:var(--green)}.publication-list p{margin:.2rem 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem}.journal{font-style:italic}.earlier-publications{margin-top:.6rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}summary{cursor:pointer;padding:1rem 0;font-weight:700}
.recognition-feature{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:2rem;align-items:stretch;margin:0 0 3rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:4px solid var(--green);background:var(--cream)}.recognition-feature figure{min-width:0}.recognition-feature img{width:100%;height:100%;min-height:310px;object-fit:cover}.recognition-feature figcaption{padding:.55rem .8rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.78rem}.recognition-copy{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;padding:2rem 2rem 2rem 0}.recognition-copy h3{margin:.2rem 0 .8rem;font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:clamp(1.6rem,2.5vw,2.5rem);font-weight:400}.career-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr;gap:3.5rem}.timeline-item{display:grid;grid-template-columns:115px minmax(0,1fr);gap:1.2rem;padding:1.35rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.timeline-date{color:var(--green);font-size:.88rem;font-weight:750}.timeline-item h3{margin:0;font-size:1.05rem}.timeline-item p{margin:.35rem 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.94rem}.institution{color:var(--ink)!important;font-weight:700}.industry-note{color:var(--muted)}.education-panel{padding-top:1rem;border-top:4px solid var(--green)}.education-item{padding:1rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.94rem}.education-item span{display:block;margin-top:.35rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.86rem}.education-item p{font-size:.86rem}.education-panel .primary-button{margin-top:1.1rem}
.contact-page{background:var(--green-soft)}.contact-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:4rem;align-items:center}.contact-grid p{color:var(--muted)}.email-link{font-size:clamp(1rem,2vw,1.45rem);font-weight:750;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.contact-details p{font-size:.88rem}
footer{padding:1.5rem 0;background:var(--green-dark);color:var(--muted-on-dark);font-size:.8rem}.footer-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1rem}
@media(hover:none),(pointer:coarse){.photo-overlay-controls{opacity:1;transform:none}}
@media(max-width:1050px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 3rem)}.hero-grid{gap:2.5rem}.photo-frame{height:460px}.highlight-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.highlight-card img{height:210px}.home-split{gap:3rem}}
@media(max-width:760px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 2.4rem)}.nav{min-height:66px}.brand{font-size:.9rem}.menu-toggle{display:block;width:42px;height:42px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;color:var(--green-dark);font-size:1.45rem}.nav-links{display:none;position:absolute;top:66px;left:0;right:0;padding:1rem 1.2rem;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.nav-links.open{display:grid}.nav-links a{padding:.55rem}h1{font-size:3.8rem}.hero{padding-top:2.6rem}.hero h1{font-size:3.2rem}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.2rem}.photo-frame{height:440px}.scale-story{margin-top:2rem;padding:1.5rem 0 2rem}.home-section,.detail-section{padding:3.8rem 0}.section-head{display:block;margin-bottom:2rem}.section-head>p{max-width:none}.highlight-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.highlight-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:120px 1fr}.highlight-card img{height:100%;min-height:170px}.home-split,.recognition-home-grid,.career-grid,.contact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2rem}.software-preview a{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.25rem}.selected-publications article{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.35rem}.recognition-home-grid img{height:auto}.contact-banner{display:block;padding:1.8rem}.contact-banner .primary-button{margin-top:1rem}.scale-nav{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.scale-nav a{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.platform-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.platform-grid>.platform:last-child{display:block}.platform figure img{height:auto;aspect-ratio:4/3}.methods-band{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.75rem;padding:1.3rem}.archive-item,.publication-list li,.timeline-item{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.45rem}.recognition-feature{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.recognition-feature img{min-height:230px}.recognition-copy{padding:1.4rem}.footer-row{display:block}.footer-row span{display:block}}
@media(max-width:760px){.built-inline{align-items:flex-start;gap:.75rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}.photo-slide:not([hidden]){animation:none}}

/* Keep the desktop introduction together beside the photograph. */
.hero{padding:1.5rem 0}.hero-grid{gap:3rem}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(3.2rem,4.6vw,4.6rem);margin:.35rem 0 .8rem}.hero .lead{font-family:var(--font-ui);font-size:clamp(1.7rem,2.3vw,2.2rem)!important;line-height:1.18!important;max-width:530px;margin:1.2rem 0 .9rem}.built-inline{display:block;margin-top:1.3rem;padding-top:1rem}.built-inline span{display:block;font-size:.875rem;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none}.tool-names{display:flex;gap:1.4rem;margin-top:.5rem}.photo-frame{height:clamp(340px,calc(100svh - 210px),480px)}
@media(min-width:761px){.hero{min-height:calc(100svh - 74px);display:flex;align-items:center}.hero-grid{width:min(1200px,calc(100% - 4rem))}}
@media(max-width:760px){.hero{padding:2rem 0}.hero-grid{gap:2rem}.photo-frame{height:440px}.hero .lead{font-size:1.8rem!important}}

/* Let the introduction grow on spacious desktop screens. */
@media(min-width:1100px){.hero-grid{width:min(1440px,calc(100% - 7rem));gap:clamp(3rem,4vw,5rem)}.photo-frame{height:clamp(420px,calc(100svh - 260px),520px)}.hero .bio>p:not(.eyebrow):not(.profile-title):not(.affiliation){font-size:clamp(1rem,1.15vw,1.125rem);line-height:1.6}.hero .lead{font-size:clamp(1.9rem,2.5vw,2.5rem)!important;max-width:650px}.hero .profile-title{font-size:1.125rem}.hero .affiliation{font-size:1rem}.built-inline span{font-size:1rem}.tool-names a{font-size:1.125rem}.photo-slide figcaption{font-size:.875rem}}
@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:760px){.photo-frame{height:clamp(340px,calc(100svh - 200px),520px)}.hero .bio>p:not(.eyebrow):not(.profile-title):not(.affiliation){font-size:1rem}.hero .lead{font-size:1.9rem!important}.hero-grid{gap:3rem}.built-inline{margin-top:1rem;padding-top:.75rem}}

@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:760px){.hero{padding:1rem 0}}

@media(min-width:1100px){.hero-grid{width:min(1260px,calc(100% - 7rem))}}

/* Readable section labels and a visual guide to sensing platforms. */
.eyebrow{font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:.025em;text-transform:none}.platform-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.65rem;margin:1.15rem 0}.platform-strip a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;text-decoration:none;color:var(--muted-on-dark);text-align:center}.platform-strip a:hover{color:#fff}.platform-strip svg{width:32px;height:32px}.platform-strip span{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.25}.hero .built-inline{margin-top:.9rem}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(3.2rem,4.3vw,4.3rem)}
@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:800px){.hero .lead{margin:.8rem 0 .6rem;font-size:1.7rem!important}.hero .affiliation{margin-bottom:.7rem}.platform-strip{margin:.8rem 0}.hero h1{margin:.2rem 0 .6rem;font-size:3.5rem}.hero .built-inline{margin-top:.6rem;padding-top:.6rem}}
@media(max-width:760px){.platform-strip{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1rem}.platform-strip span{font-size:.875rem}}

.tool-names{flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:1.25rem;row-gap:.35rem}.tool-names a{font-size:1rem}.tool-names a:nth-child(n+4){font-weight:600;font-size:.875rem}
@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:800px){.platform-strip{margin:.6rem 0}.hero .built-inline{margin-top:.4rem;padding-top:.5rem}.tool-names{margin-top:.35rem}}

@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:800px){.hero{padding:.5rem 0}}

.platform-strip .platform-item{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;color:var(--muted-on-dark);text-align:center}.tool-names .tool-name{color:var(--text-on-dark);font-size:1rem;font-weight:600}.tool-names .tool-name:nth-child(n+4){font-size:.875rem}.tool-names{column-gap:1.1rem;row-gap:.45rem}
@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:800px){.hero .bio>p:not(.eyebrow):not(.profile-title):not(.affiliation){line-height:1.5}.hero h1{font-size:3.35rem}.hero .lead{margin:.65rem 0 .5rem}.platform-strip{margin:.5rem 0}}

@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:800px){.hero{padding:.3rem 0}}

/* Final polish: shared rhythm, legible labels, and clear interaction states. */
.platform-strip span{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.35}
.tool-names .tool-name,.tool-names .tool-name:nth-child(n+4){font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.5;font-weight:600}
.tool-names{column-gap:1.2rem;row-gap:.4rem}
.hero .built-inline>span{line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:.55rem}
.photo-caption{line-height:1.5;padding-top:.8rem;padding-bottom:.9rem}
.photo-caption strong{line-height:1.35}
:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--focus);outline-offset:5px}
.hero :focus-visible{outline-color:var(--muted-on-dark)}
::selection{background:var(--muted-on-dark);color:#123743}
html{scroll-padding-top:6rem}
@media(max-width:760px){.menu-toggle{min-width:44px;min-height:44px}.photo-controls button{min-width:44px;min-height:44px}.hero .built-inline{padding-top:1rem;margin-top:1rem}.platform-strip{margin:1.4rem 0}.tool-names{row-gap:.6rem}.hero .eyebrow{line-height:1.4}.photo-caption{font-size:.875rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}

/* More prominent topic labels across the site. */
.eyebrow{font-size:clamp(1.125rem,1.35vw,1.3rem);line-height:1.4}
.hero .built-inline>span{font-size:clamp(1.125rem,1.35vw,1.3rem);line-height:1.4}
@media(max-width:760px){.eyebrow,.hero .built-inline>span{font-size:1.125rem}}

/* Introduction rhythm: group the profile, then separate research and tools. */
.hero{padding:2.5rem 0}
.hero .eyebrow{margin-bottom:1rem}
.hero h1{margin-top:.4rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
.hero .affiliation{margin-top:.35rem;margin-bottom:1.75rem}
.hero .lead{margin:1.75rem 0 1rem}
.hero .bio>p:not(.eyebrow):not(.profile-title):not(.affiliation):not(.lead){line-height:1.65}
.hero .platform-strip{margin:1.5rem 0 1.25rem;gap:.75rem}
.hero .built-inline{margin-top:1.5rem;padding-top:1.25rem}
.hero .tool-names{margin-top:.75rem;row-gap:.65rem}
@media(max-width:760px){.hero{padding:2.25rem 0 2.5rem}.hero-grid{gap:2.5rem}.hero .affiliation{margin-bottom:1.5rem}.hero .lead{margin-top:1.5rem}.hero .platform-strip{row-gap:1.25rem}}

/* Balance the desktop photo with the taller introduction. */
@media(min-width:1100px){.hero-grid{align-items:start}.photo-frame{height:clamp(462px,calc((100svh - 260px)*1.1),572px)}}
@media(min-width:1100px) and (max-height:760px){.photo-frame{height:clamp(374px,calc((100svh - 200px)*1.1),572px)}}

/* Section explanations belong directly beneath their headings. */
.section-head{display:block}
.section-head>p{max-width:none;width:100%;margin:1rem 0 0;line-height:1.65}
.section-head h2{margin-bottom:0}

/* Larger research previews retain scientific detail. */
@media(min-width:761px){.highlight-card img{height:260px}.highlight-card:first-child img{object-fit:contain;background:#f0f0f0}}
.platform#xct .science-image img{height:auto;max-height:520px;object-fit:contain;padding:1rem}
@media(max-width:760px){.highlight-card:first-child img{object-fit:contain;background:#f0f0f0}}

.software-app-preview{margin-top:2rem;max-width:640px}.software-app-preview>a{display:block;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:.5rem}.software-app-preview img{width:100%;height:auto}.software-app-preview figcaption{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.25rem;padding:.75rem 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5}.software-app-preview figcaption strong{font-size:1rem;color:var(--green-dark)}

/* Each scientific panel names the input or output it shows. */
.highlight-card .ct-pair-preview{display:grid;grid-template-rows:auto 1fr auto 1fr;gap:.4rem;height:260px;padding:.6rem;background:#fff}
.highlight-card .ct-pair-label{font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;color:var(--ink)}
.ct-pair-panel{display:block;min-height:0;background-image:url("../images/leafct-wheat-pair.png");background-size:100% auto;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-color:#eee}
.ct-pair-raw{background-position:center top}.ct-pair-result{background-position:center bottom}
@media(max-width:760px){.highlight-card:has(.ct-pair-preview){display:flex}.highlight-card .ct-pair-preview{height:300px}.ct-pair-panel{background-size:auto 220%;background-position-x:center}}

.ct-pair-panel{background-size:contain;background-position:center;background-color:#eee}.ct-pair-raw{background-image:url("../images/leafct-wheat-raw.png")}.ct-pair-result{background-image:url("../images/leafct-wheat-result.png")}
@media(max-width:760px){.ct-pair-panel{background-size:contain;background-position:center}}

/* A connected spatial guide aligned to the five research previews. */
.observation-guide{margin:0 0 1.75rem}.scale-endpoints{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:1rem;color:var(--muted);font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:1rem}.observation-scale{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1rem;list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;position:relative}.observation-scale::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:10%;right:10%;top:28px;height:1px;background:var(--focus)}.observation-scale li{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;text-align:center;color:var(--green-dark);font-size:.875rem;font-weight:600;position:relative}.scale-node{display:grid;place-items:center;width:56px;height:56px;background:var(--cream);position:relative}.scale-node svg{width:40px;height:40px}
@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1050px){.highlight-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr))}.highlight-card div{padding:.8rem}.highlight-card h3{font-size:1.125rem}.highlight-card img{height:220px}.highlight-card .ct-pair-preview{height:220px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.observation-guide{margin-bottom:2rem}.observation-scale{gap:.25rem}.observation-scale li{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.35}.scale-node{width:42px;height:48px}.scale-node svg{width:30px;height:30px}.observation-scale::before{top:24px}.scale-endpoints{font-size:.8125rem}}

.highlight-card .labeled-research-image{height:260px;padding:.6rem;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.5rem;background:#fff}.highlight-card .research-image-label{color:var(--ink);font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;font-weight:600}.highlight-card .labeled-research-image img{height:0;min-height:0;flex:1;width:100%;object-fit:cover}.highlight-card[href$="#field"] .labeled-research-image img{object-fit:contain}
@media(max-width:1050px) and (min-width:761px){.highlight-card .labeled-research-image{height:220px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.highlight-card:has(.labeled-research-image){display:flex}.highlight-card .labeled-research-image{height:300px}.highlight-card .labeled-research-image img{min-height:0}}

.uav-field-gallery{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:1rem;padding:0 1.3rem 1.3rem}.uav-field-gallery figure img{height:auto;aspect-ratio:1.55;object-fit:cover}.uav-field-gallery figcaption{padding:.5rem 0;border:0;font-size:.875rem}
@media(max-width:760px){.uav-field-gallery{grid-template-columns:1fr}}

/* Scientific figures remain fully visible, including annotations. */
.highlight-card[href$="#satellite"] img,.highlight-card[href$="#uav"] .labeled-research-image img{object-fit:contain;background:#fff}

/* Homepage field imagery fills each observation card. */
.highlight-card[href$="#field"] .labeled-research-image img{object-fit:contain}
.highlight-card[href$="#uav"] .labeled-research-image img{object-fit:cover}
.highlight-card[href$="#satellite"] img{object-fit:fill;object-position:center}

.satellite-comparison{height:260px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background:#fff;padding:.5rem}.satellite-gsd-title{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 .4rem;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.satellite-panel-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;grid-template-rows:1fr 1fr;gap:.35rem;flex:1;min-height:0}.satellite-panel-grid figure{margin:0;min-height:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden}.highlight-card[href$="#satellite"] .satellite-panel-grid img{width:100%;height:0;flex:1;min-height:0;object-fit:cover}.satellite-panel-grid figcaption{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.2;padding:.2rem;background:var(--cream);color:var(--ink)}.satellite-panel-grid strong{display:block;font-weight:600}@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:1050px){.satellite-comparison{height:220px}}@media(max-width:760px){.highlight-card[href$="#satellite"]{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.satellite-comparison{height:300px}}

.highlight-card[href$="#satellite"]>img{object-fit:contain;background:#000}

.highlight-card[href$="#satellite"]>img{background:#fff}

/* Keep the observation guide close to its introduction and cards. */
.home-page #research .section-head{margin-bottom:1.35rem}
.home-page #research .observation-guide{margin-bottom:1rem}
.home-page #research .scale-endpoints{margin-bottom:.35rem}
.home-page #research .observation-scale li{gap:.25rem}
.home-page #research .scale-node{height:48px}
.home-page #research .observation-scale::before{top:24px}
@media(max-width:760px){.home-page #research .section-head{margin-bottom:1rem}.home-page #research .observation-guide{margin-bottom:1rem}}

/* Research details are five full-width, ordered sections. */
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.research-page .research-category,.research-page .platform-grid>.platform:last-child{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.9fr) minmax(0,1.1fr);align-items:start;scroll-margin-top:6rem}
.research-page .research-category>figure{margin:0;padding:1rem;background:#fff}
.research-page .research-category>figure img{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:460px;object-fit:contain;background:#fff;padding:0}
.research-page .research-category .platform-body,.research-page .platform-grid>.platform:last-child .platform-body{padding:2rem}
.research-page .research-category h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,2.5vw,2.3rem);margin:.4rem 0 1rem}
.research-page .uav-field-gallery{grid-column:1/-1;margin:0 1rem 1rem}
.research-page .scale-nav a{font-weight:600}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-page .research-category,.research-page .platform-grid>.platform:last-child{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-page .research-category .platform-body,.research-page .platform-grid>.platform:last-child .platform-body{padding:1.25rem}.research-page .scale-nav{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-page .scale-nav a{border-right:0}}

.research-page .research-category-icon{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;margin-bottom:.5rem;color:var(--green)}
.research-page .research-category-icon svg{width:32px;height:32px;flex:none}

.research-page .soil-project{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.9fr) minmax(0,1.1fr);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.research-page .soil-project figure{margin:0;padding:1rem}.research-page .soil-project img{width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain}.research-page .soil-project>div{padding:2rem}.research-page .soil-project h3{margin:.4rem 0 1rem}@media(max-width:760px){.research-page .soil-project{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-page .soil-project>div{padding:1.25rem}}

.research-page .publication-jump{margin:-1.5rem 0 2rem}.research-page .related-papers{grid-column:1/-1;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:1.25rem 2rem}.research-page .related-papers h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0 0 .5rem}.research-page .related-papers ul{margin:0;padding-left:1.15rem}.research-page .related-papers li{margin:.45rem 0}.research-page .all-publications{margin-top:4rem;padding-top:2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:6rem}.research-page .publication-list li{scroll-margin-top:6rem}@media(max-width:760px){.research-page .related-papers{padding:1.25rem}}

.research-page .publication-meta{font-size:.875rem;color:var(--muted);margin:.3rem 0 .9rem}.research-page .publication-profiles{margin-top:3rem;padding-top:2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:6rem}.research-page .publication-profiles h2{font-size:1.6rem}.research-page .cross-platform-publications{padding:1.5rem 2rem;border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0}.research-page .cross-platform-publications ul{padding-left:1.2rem}.research-page .related-papers li,.research-page .cross-platform-publications li{scroll-margin-top:6rem}

/* One internal-structure research block: explanation left, evidence right. */
/* Internal structure research: aligned text groups and a single figure. */
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.research-page .internal-research .platform-body{padding:2rem}
.research-page .internal-research-images{padding:2rem 2rem 0 0;min-width:0}
.research-page .internal-research-images figure{margin:0;padding:0}
.research-page .internal-research-images img{width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain;background:#fff}
.research-page .research-facts{display:grid;gap:1.25rem;margin-top:1.5rem}
.research-page .research-facts>div{min-width:0}
.research-page .research-facts h3,.research-page .internal-publication h3{font-size:1.05rem;margin:0 0 .6rem}
.research-page .research-facts ul{padding-left:1.1rem;margin:0}
.research-page .research-facts li{margin:.4rem 0;line-height:1.5}
.research-page .research-facts li::marker{color:#3f7653}
.research-page .research-facts p{margin:0 0 .5rem}
.research-page .research-status{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 0 0 .4rem;padding:.1rem .45rem;border-radius:4px;background:#e8f1e7;color:#28533b;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;white-space:nowrap}
.research-page .internal-publication{grid-column:1/-1;padding:1.25rem 2rem 1.5rem;border-top:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page .internal-publication p{margin:0;line-height:1.55}
.research-page .internal-publication cite{font-style:normal}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-page .internal-research{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-page .internal-research-images{padding:0 2rem 1.5rem}.research-page .internal-research-images img{max-width:38rem;margin-inline:auto;display:block}}
@media(max-width:480px){.research-page .internal-research .platform-body{padding:1.25rem}.research-page .internal-research-images{padding:0 1.25rem 1.25rem}.research-page .internal-publication{padding:1.25rem}.research-page .research-methods>div{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.2rem}}

.research-page .research-facts li>ul{margin:.35rem 0 .5rem;padding-left:1.25rem;list-style-type:circle}

.research-page .internal-publication{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 8rem;gap:2rem;align-items:start}.research-page .publication-workflow{display:block}.research-page .publication-workflow img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.research-page .publication-workflow span{display:block;margin-top:.4rem;font-size:.8rem}.research-page .internal-publication-copy{min-width:0}@media(max-width:760px){.research-page .internal-publication{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1rem}.research-page .publication-workflow{max-width:28rem}}

.research-page .internal-paper-list{margin:0;padding-left:1.1rem;line-height:1.55}.research-page .internal-paper-list li::marker{color:#3f7653}@media(max-width:760px){.research-page .publication-workflow{width:8rem;max-width:100%}}

.research-page .related-papers li.paper-with-thumbnail{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 8rem;gap:1.5rem;align-items:start}.research-page .paper-with-thumbnail>div{display:list-item;margin-left:1.1rem}.research-page .paper-thumbnail img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;background:#fff}.research-page .paper-thumbnail span{display:block;font-size:.8rem;margin-top:.4rem}@media(max-width:600px){.research-page .related-papers li.paper-with-thumbnail{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:.75rem}.research-page .paper-thumbnail{width:8rem;margin-left:1.1rem}}

/* Proximal sensing: compact overview and distinct publication rows. */
.research-page #proximal .platform-body{padding:1.5rem}
.research-page #proximal .internal-research-images{padding:1.5rem 1.5rem 0 0}
.research-page #proximal .research-facts{gap:1rem;margin-top:1rem}
.research-page #proximal .proximal-details{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:2rem;margin:0;padding:1.25rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;border-top:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page #proximal .related-papers{padding:1.25rem 1.5rem}
.research-page #proximal .related-papers>ul{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}
.research-page #proximal .related-papers li.paper-with-thumbnail{margin:0;padding:1rem 0;gap:1.5rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page #proximal .related-papers li.paper-with-thumbnail:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}
.research-page #proximal .paper-with-thumbnail>div{margin-left:1.1rem}
.research-page #proximal .publication-meta{margin:.4rem 0 0}
.research-page #proximal .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:5.5rem;object-fit:contain;object-position:left center}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-page #proximal .internal-research-images{padding:0 1.5rem 1.25rem}}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-page #proximal .proximal-details{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.25rem}}

/* Preserve readable thumbnails while keeping publication rows compact. */
.research-page #proximal .related-papers li.paper-with-thumbnail{padding:.75rem 0;gap:1.5rem}
.research-page #proximal .paper-with-thumbnail>div{list-style-type:disc}
.research-page #proximal .paper-with-thumbnail>div::marker{color:#3f7653}
.research-page #proximal .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:5.5rem}
.research-page #proximal .paper-thumbnail span{font-size:.8rem;margin-top:.4rem;line-height:1.4}
.research-page .platform-grid{row-gap:2.5rem}
.research-page #proximal{background:#f8f7f1}
.research-page #proximal .internal-research-images figure{max-width:27rem;margin-left:auto}
.research-page #proximal .internal-research-images img{background:transparent}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-page #proximal .internal-research-images figure{margin-inline:auto}}

.research-page #proximal .related-papers li.paper-with-thumbnail{align-items:center}

/* Field sensing uses the same compact research hierarchy. */
.research-page #field .platform-body{padding:1.5rem}
.research-page #field .internal-research-images{padding:1.5rem 1.5rem 0 0}
.research-page #field .internal-research-images figure{max-width:24rem;margin-left:auto}
.research-page #field .research-facts{gap:1rem;margin-top:1rem}
.research-page #field .category-details{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr;gap:2rem;margin:0;padding:1.25rem 1.5rem 1.5rem;border-top:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page #field .related-papers{padding:1.25rem 1.5rem}
.research-page #field .related-papers>ul{margin:0;padding-left:1.1rem}
.research-page #field .related-papers li{margin:0;padding:.9rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page #field .related-papers li:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}
.research-page #field .related-papers li::marker{color:#3f7653}
.research-page #field .publication-meta{margin:.4rem 0 0}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-page #field .internal-research-images{padding:0 1.5rem 1.25rem}.research-page #field .internal-research-images figure{margin-inline:auto}}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-page #field .category-details{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.25rem}}

.research-page #field{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.85fr) minmax(0,1.15fr)}
.research-page #field .internal-research-images{padding:1.5rem 0 1.5rem 1.5rem}
.research-page #field .internal-research-images figure{max-width:28rem;margin:0}
.research-page #field .research-facts{gap:1rem}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-page #field{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-page #field .internal-research-images{padding:1.5rem 1.5rem 0}.research-page #field .internal-research-images figure{margin-inline:auto}}

.research-page #proximal .proximal-details{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.5rem}
.research-page #uav .related-papers li,.research-page #satellite .related-papers li{padding:.75rem 0;margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page #uav .related-papers li:last-child,.research-page #satellite .related-papers li:last-child{border-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-page #proximal .proximal-details{grid-template-columns:1fr}}
/* Compact research sections: shared hierarchy, restrained surfaces, readable details. */
.research-page .platform-grid{gap:2rem}
.research-page .research-modern{display:block!important;background:#fff;border:0;border-top:2px solid #28533b;padding:1.5rem 0 0;scroll-margin-top:6rem}
.research-page .research-modern-heading{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:.35rem 1rem;margin-bottom:1rem}
.research-page .research-modern-heading h2{font-size:clamp(1.65rem,2.6vw,2.25rem);margin:0;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.research-page .research-scale-label{margin:0;align-self:center;color:#3f7653;font-weight:600;font-size:.9rem}
.research-page .research-modern-heading>p:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;margin:.35rem 0 0;color:#5c6d63;max-width:80ch}
.research-page .research-modern-overview{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) minmax(0,.8fr);gap:1.5rem;align-items:center;margin-bottom:1rem}
.research-page .research-modern-overview h3,.research-page .research-modern-details h3{font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;margin:0 0 .5rem}
.research-page .research-modern-focus ul,.research-page .research-modern-details ul{margin:0;padding-left:1.1rem}
.research-page .research-modern-focus li,.research-page .research-modern-details li{margin:.3rem 0;line-height:1.45}
.research-page .research-modern li::marker{color:#3f7653}
.research-page .research-modern-figure{margin:0;min-width:0}
.research-page .research-modern-figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:17rem;object-fit:contain;object-position:center;background:#fff}
.research-page .research-modern-figure figcaption{padding:.5rem 0 0;border:0;color:#5c6d63;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.4}
.research-page .image-first .research-modern-overview{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.8fr) minmax(0,1.2fr)}
.research-page .image-first .research-modern-figure{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}
.research-page .image-first .research-modern-focus{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}
.research-page .research-modern-details{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1.5rem;background:#f8f7f1;padding:1.25rem;margin:0 0 1rem}
.research-page .research-modern-details li>ul{margin:.35rem 0;list-style:circle}
.research-page .research-modern .related-papers,.research-page .research-modern .internal-publication{padding:1rem 0!important;border-top:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page .research-modern .related-papers h3,.research-page .research-modern .internal-publication h3{font-size:1rem;margin:0 0 .5rem}
.research-page .research-modern .related-papers>ul{padding-left:1.1rem;margin:0}
.research-page .research-modern .related-papers li{padding:.75rem 0;margin:0;border-bottom:1px solid #dce4dc}
.research-page .research-modern .related-papers li:last-child{border-bottom:0}
.research-page .research-modern .publication-meta{margin:.3rem 0 0;font-size:.85rem}
.research-page .research-field-gallery{margin:1rem 0;border-top:1px solid #dce4dc;padding:.75rem 0}
.research-page .research-field-gallery summary{cursor:pointer;color:#28533b;font-weight:600}
.research-page .research-field-gallery .uav-field-gallery{margin:1rem 0 0}
.research-page .research-modern .internal-publication{align-items:center}
@media(max-width:900px){.research-page .research-modern-details{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.research-page .research-modern-heading{grid-template-columns:1fr}.research-page .research-scale-label{grid-row:2}}
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/* Keep title, context, and research together alongside a substantial figure. */
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