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/* Sections: full-bleed alternating bands, numbered, with a green accent on the heading. */
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body.research-page .detail-section>.wrap{counter-reset:area}
body.research-page section.research-chapter{counter-increment:area;position:relative;border:0;border-radius:0;padding:3.5rem 0;margin:0;z-index:0;overflow:visible!important;background:transparent!important;box-shadow:none}
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body.research-page{overflow-x:clip}
body.research-page section.research-chapter:nth-of-type(even)::before{background:#f3f6f1}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-modern-heading h2{padding-top:.9rem;border-top:3px solid #28533b;display:inline-block;min-width:8rem}
body.research-page .research-chapter .research-modern-figure{background:transparent;border:0;padding:0}
body.research-page .detail-section>.wrap>.section-head{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:1rem}

/* Top tabs: the active area is a solid green pill, the others stay light. */
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body.research-page .scale-nav>a[aria-current="location"]{background:#28533b;color:#fff}
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body.research-page .scale-nav>a::after{display:none}

/* Topic sub-tabs: underline style. */

/* Cross-platform block: keep it distinct as a closing band. */
body.research-page .cross-platform-section{border:0;border-top:3px solid #28533b;margin-top:3rem;padding:2rem 0 0;background:transparent}
body.research-page .cross-platform-section .methods-band{background:transparent;border-bottom:0}
body.research-page .platform-grid{overflow:visible}

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body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-tools-panel:not(.research-topics-panel) .research-method-row{display:block!important;border:0!important;padding:0!important}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-section-layout,body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-section-copy{display:block;width:100%}
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body.research-page section.research-chapter .paper-with-thumbnail{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 15rem!important;gap:2rem!important}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:9rem!important}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-tools-panel:not(.research-topics-panel) .research-method-row{margin-bottom:1.1rem}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-tools-panel:not(.research-topics-panel) li>ul{margin:.25rem 0}

/* Tighter vertical rhythm and smaller paper thumbnails. */
body.research-page section.research-chapter{padding:2rem 0!important}
body.research-page .platform-grid{gap:0}
body.research-page .scale-nav{margin-bottom:0}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .paper-with-thumbnail{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 11rem!important;gap:1.5rem!important}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:6.5rem!important}
body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-topics-panel li{margin-bottom:0}

/* Same banded sections on Software, Experience and Contact. */
body:is(.software-page,.standard-page){overflow-x:clip}
body:is(.software-page,.standard-page) .detail-section{background:#fff}
body:is(.software-page,.standard-page) .detail-section>.wrap>.section-head{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:1rem}
body.software-page section.software-chapter,body.standard-page .standard-panel{position:relative;z-index:0;overflow:visible!important;background:transparent!important;border:0!important;border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;padding:2rem 0!important;margin:0}
body.software-page section.software-chapter::before,body.standard-page .standard-panel::before{content:"";position:absolute;z-index:-1;top:0;bottom:0;left:50%;width:100vw;margin-left:-50vw;background:#fff}
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body.software-page section.software-chapter h2,body.standard-page .standard-panel>h2,body.standard-page .standard-panel .panel-heading h2{padding-top:.9rem;border-top:3px solid #28533b;display:inline-block;min-width:8rem}
body.standard-page .standard-panel>h2,body.standard-page .standard-panel .panel-heading h2,body.software-page section.software-chapter h2{display:block;width:fit-content}

/* Type standard: titles 16/600, body 15/400, meta and labels 14, intro 16 at 1.5. */
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body.experience-page .timeline-date{font-weight:600!important}
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/* Same gap under the tab bar and above the footer on every page. */
body.research-page .platform-grid{margin-top:1.5rem}

/* Phone and tablet: papers first, then the sensors and methods behind them. */
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body.research-page section.research-chapter>.research-tools-tabs{border-top:0!important;margin-top:0!important}

/* Label the paper list the same way as the skills lists. */
body.research-page section.research-chapter .research-topics-panel::before{content:"Research and publications";display:block;margin:0 0 .6rem;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#3f7653}

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/* ViWeed: app icon and a portrait workflow video beside the text. */
body.research-page section.research-chapter .viweed-paper{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 19rem!important}
body.research-page .viweed-media{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1rem}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail{flex:0 0 7rem;width:7rem}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:7rem!important;object-fit:contain}
body.research-page .viweed-video{margin:0;flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0}
body.research-page .viweed-video video{display:block;width:100%;max-width:9rem;height:auto;max-height:16rem;background:#123743;object-fit:contain}
body.research-page .viweed-video figcaption{font-size:.875rem;color:#5c6d63;margin-top:.35rem}
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/* ViWeed video: small poster that opens the video in a large window. */
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail{flex:0 0 5.5rem;width:5.5rem}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:5.5rem!important}
body.research-page .viweed-play{position:relative;display:block;width:5rem;padding:0;border:1px solid #b8cbbb;background:#123743;cursor:pointer;line-height:0}
body.research-page .viweed-play img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:none!important}
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body.research-page .viweed-play-icon::before{content:"";width:2rem;height:2rem;border-radius:50%;background:#fff url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M9 7l9 5-9 5z' fill='%2328533b'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/70% no-repeat}
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body.research-page .viweed-video video{display:none}
body.research-page .viweed-video figcaption{max-width:6rem}
body.research-page .viweed-paper{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 13rem!important}
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.video-dialog-close{position:absolute;top:.5rem;right:.5rem;z-index:2;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;border:0;border-radius:50%;background:rgba(255,255,255,.9);color:#123743;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1;cursor:pointer}
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body.research-page .viweed-play{width:3.5rem}
body.research-page .viweed-play-icon::before{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}
body.research-page .viweed-video figcaption{max-width:none;font-size:.8125rem;white-space:nowrap}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail{flex:0 0 4.5rem;width:4.5rem}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:4.5rem!important}
body.research-page .viweed-paper{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 10rem!important}
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@media(max-width:700px){body.research-page .viweed-media{padding-left:.2rem}}

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body.research-page .viweed-media{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;width:100%}
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}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail{margin-left:0!important}
body.research-page .viweed-video{width:3.75rem}
body.research-page .viweed-play{width:3.5rem;margin-left:auto}
@media(max-width:700px){body.research-page .viweed-video{width:auto}body.research-page .viweed-play{margin-left:0}}
body.research-page .research-chapter .paper-with-thumbnail>.viweed-media{margin-left:0!important;display:flex!important;list-style:none!important;padding-left:0}
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@media(max-width:700px){body.research-page .research-chapter .paper-with-thumbnail>.viweed-media{padding-left:1.25rem}}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail{flex:0 0 6.25rem!important;width:6.25rem!important}
body.research-page .viweed-media .paper-thumbnail img{max-height:6.25rem!important;width:100%;object-fit:contain}

/* Publications across platforms: thumbnails the same size as the research sections. */
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}

/* Every paper thumbnail uses the same 16:9 box; images that are not 16:9 fit inside it whole. */
body.research-page section.research-chapter .paper-with-thumbnail:not(.viweed-paper) .paper-thumbnail img,
body.research-page .cross-platform-publications .paper-with-thumbnail .paper-thumbnail img{width:100%!important;height:auto!important;max-height:none!important;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:contain!important;object-position:center!important;background:#fff}

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body.research-page .paper-with-thumbnail:not(.viweed-paper) .paper-thumbnail span,body.research-page .cross-platform-publications .paper-with-thumbnail .paper-thumbnail span{display:block;text-align:center}

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body.software-page .matchplant-play{position:relative;display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;height:var(--preview-height,25rem);padding:.25rem;border:1px solid var(--tone-line,#b8cbbb);background:#fff;cursor:pointer;line-height:0}
body.software-page .matchplant-play img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain}
body.software-page .matchplant-play .viweed-play-icon{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(18,55,67,.12)}
body.software-page .matchplant-play .viweed-play-icon::before{content:"";width:3.25rem;height:3.25rem;border-radius:50%;background:#fff url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M9 7l9 5-9 5z' fill='%2328533b'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/70% no-repeat;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}
body.software-page .matchplant-play:hover .viweed-play-icon{background:rgba(18,55,67,.02)}
body.software-page .matchplant-play:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #28533b;outline-offset:3px}
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body.research-page .viweed-thumb-frame{position:relative;display:block;line-height:0}
body.research-page .viweed-thumb-frame img{display:block;width:100%}
body.research-page .viweed-thumb-frame .viweed-play-icon{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;background:rgba(18,55,67,.18)}
body.research-page .viweed-thumb-frame .viweed-play-icon::before{width:2.25rem;height:2.25rem}
body.research-page .viweed-demo-thumb:hover .viweed-play-icon{background:rgba(18,55,67,.04)}
body.research-page .viweed-demo-thumb:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #28533b;outline-offset:3px}
body.research-page .viweed-demo-caption{display:block;margin-top:.35rem;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.3;color:#28533b;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.2em;text-align:center}
body.research-page .paper-with-thumbnail .paper-thumbnail .viweed-thumb-frame .viweed-play-icon{position:absolute;inset:0;display:flex!important;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
body.research-page .paper-with-thumbnail .paper-thumbnail .viweed-thumb-frame .viweed-play-icon::before{display:block;content:"";width:2.25rem;height:2.25rem;border-radius:50%;background:#fff url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M9 7l9 5-9 5z' fill='%2328533b'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/70% no-repeat;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,.25)}

/* One repeated row per paper: image on the left, text on the right, a line between rows. */
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 body.research-page section.research-chapter .related-papers.topic-papers li.paper-with-thumbnail,
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/* One photo per research area, placed where the column would otherwise be empty. */
body.research-page .area-photo{display:none}
/* Phones and tablets: the photo follows the area's content in a single column. */
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 body.research-page .area-photo{display:block;position:static;margin:1.5rem 0 0;max-width:26rem}
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@media(min-width:1000px){
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@media(min-width:1000px){
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/* Open-source tools: three flagship entries above the scale tabs; plain rows, not cards. */
body.research-page .research-flagship{margin:2rem 0 1.75rem}
body.research-page .research-flagship h2{margin:0 0 .75rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.3;color:#28533b}
body.research-page .research-flagship ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #dce4dc}
body.research-page .research-flagship li{border-bottom:1px solid #dce4dc}
body.research-page .research-flagship a{display:grid;gap:.15rem;padding:.9rem 0;min-height:44px;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
body.research-page .research-flagship strong{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3;color:#123743;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#b8cbbb;text-underline-offset:.2em}
body.research-page .research-flagship a:hover strong{text-decoration-color:#28533b}
body.research-page .research-flagship a:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #28533b;outline-offset:2px}
body.research-page .research-flagship .flagship-scale{font-size:.875rem;font-weight:600;color:#3f7653}
body.research-page .research-flagship .flagship-line{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.45;color:#5c6d63}
@media(min-width:760px){
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/* Small type floor: badges and captions no smaller than 13px. */
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/* Reading measure: running text stops at about 70 characters on wide screens. */
body.research-page main p:not(.section-head p){max-width:70ch}
body.research-page .cross-platform-section .methods-band p{max-width:none;padding-right:max(1.5rem,calc(100% - 70ch - 1.5rem))}

/* APS photo sits inside the soil aggregate entry as a small image, caption to its right. */
body.research-page section#xct li>.area-photo{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1rem;position:static;grid-column:auto;grid-row:auto;width:100%;max-width:none;margin:.75rem 0 0}
body.research-page section#xct li>.area-photo img{flex:0 0 13rem;width:13rem;height:auto;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 55%}
body.research-page section#xct li>.area-photo figcaption{flex:1 1 0;min-width:0;margin:0;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.4;color:#5c6d63}
@media(max-width:700px){
 body.research-page section#xct li>.area-photo img{flex-basis:9rem;width:9rem}
}
body.research-page .viweed-inline-video{margin:.75rem 0 0;max-width:10rem}
body.research-page .viweed-inline-play{position:relative;display:block;width:100%;padding:0;border:0;background:#123743;cursor:pointer}
body.research-page .viweed-inline-play img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}
body.research-page .viweed-inline-icon{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;margin:-1.25rem 0 0 -1.25rem;border-radius:50%;background:#fff url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M9 7l9 5-9 5z' fill='%2328533b'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") center/70% no-repeat}
body.research-page .viweed-inline-play:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #28533b;outline-offset:2px}
body.research-page .viweed-inline-video figcaption{font-size:.875rem;color:#5c6d63;margin-top:.35rem}
body.research-page #paper-1 .paper-thumbnail img,body.research-page .paper-thumbnail img[src*="fira-2026"]{background:transparent!important}